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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of appendages on the maintenance of viability and germination of the diaspores of the three shrubs  Calligonum junceum  (Fisch. et Mey.) Litv.,  Atraphaxis pungens  (Bieb.) Jaub. et Spach. and  Reaumuria soongarica  (Pall.) Maxim. that have high potential for restoration of degraded temperate arid regions. It has been hypothesized that appendages on diaspores of  A. pungens, C. junceum , and  R. soongarica  help maintain seed viability during dry storage at room temperatures and during moist storage in soil outdoors, but they inhibit seed germination. Fresh diaspores of each species were tested for germination; and diaspores with and without appendages were stored in moist soil outdoors in Xinjiang Province of northwest China; and dry diaspores at room condition for 4 months. Viability and percentage of diaspores with and without appendages that germinated during burial were determined. After burial or dry storage, diaspores with and without appendages were tested for germination. Regardless of storage condition, appendages had no effect on diaspore viability of  C. junceum  and  A. pungens  but significantly reduced mortality of  R. soongarica  diaspores by 50%. During burial outdoors, appendages inhibited germination of  C. junceum  diaspores but not of  A. pungens ; no diaspores of  R. soongarica  germinated. After burial, appendages inhibited germination of  A. pungens  diaspores but had no effect on  C. junceum . Appendages had no effect on germination of  R. soongarica  diaspores after storage in both locations. To use these three species for revegetation, it is recommended that appendages should be removed from diaspores of  C. junceum  and  A. pungens  before storage and sowing, but appendages should be retained on seeds of  R. soongarica .

arid land research and management

Effect of appendages on maintenance of viability and germination of diaspores of the shrubs  Calligonum junceum ,  Atraphaxis pungens , and  Reaumuria soongarica