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In this investigation, Fe 3 O 4  magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared via a chemical coprecipitation reaction, and the surface of Fe 3 O 4  MNPs was coated with silica by a sol-gel process. The surface of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2  MNPs was modified by an antioxidant agent, trans-ferulic acid, to achieve water-soluble MNPs for biological applications. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the MNPs were successfully coated with SiO 2  and ferulic acid (FA) ligand. The morphology of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 -FA MNPs was found to be spherical in images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and showed a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of 21 nm. The  in vitro  cytotoxic activity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 -FA MNPs and FA were investigated against the human cancer cells (MCF-7, PC-3, U-87 MG, A-2780, and A-549) by MTT colorimetric assay. The cytotoxic effect of MNPs on all cancer cell lines was several times of magnitude higher compared to free FA except for A-549 cell lines. Furthermore,  in vitro  DNA binding studies were investigated by UV–vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies.

Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and DNA interaction studies of antioxidant ferulic acid loaded on γ-Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 nanoparticles