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Nowadays, new leishmanicidal drugs are needed and natural products arise as a promising alternative source. Therefore, bioguided fractionation of a hydroethanolic extract from the stem bark of  Croton echioides  Baill. were conducted based on its antileishmanial activity. Two novel  neo -clerodane diterpenoids methyl-15,16-epoxy-3,13(16),14- neo -clerodatrien-17,18-dicarboxylate ( 1 ) and dimethyl-3-oxo-15,16-epoxy-13(16),14- neo -clerodadien-17,18-dicarboxylate ( 2 ) were isolated, as well as four known compounds ( 3–6 ) and lupeol, from the hexane fraction. Their structures were established by NMR analysis. The crude extract, fractions and the compounds ( 1  and  3–6 ) were evaluated for their  in vitro  antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity against macrophages J774A.1. The selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The most active compound against promastigote forms of  L. amazonensis  was the clerodane diterpene  4 , with IC 50  values of 8.3 µM and SI value of 80.9. Our results highlighted stem bark of  Croton echioides  Baill. as a promising source for the development of a new chemotherapeutic agent to combat leishmaniasis.

Antileishmanial activity of neo -clerodane diterpenes from Croton echioides