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Five new phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated from  Syzygium brachyantherum , and their structures were elucidated as brachyanones A–E ( 1–5 ) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds  1  and  3  exhibited significant inhibitory activity against  α -glucosidase with IC 50  of 2.57 and 0.97  μ M, respectively. Furthermore, compound  4  showed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory effect with inhibition ratio of 89.42% at 100  μ M. This discovery indicates that phloroglucinol derivatives with long aliphatic chain possibly play an important role in antidiabetic activity of  Syzygium  plants, and they could function as a promising antidiabetic agent.

Five new phloroglucinol derivatives from Syzygium brachyantherum and their α -glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activities