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The theory of Code/Space suggests that, in course of processes of digitalization, software and code become new agents in the production of space. Hence, CCTV should therefore also be a space-producing agent. In context of the ongoing dispersion of CCTV, this article studies empirically the transformation of urban spaces by CCTV in context of tourism and tries to evaluate the Code/Space proposition. Therefore, in 2018 and 2019 a multi-layered extensive qualitative research with mapping, several observations, and qualitative interviews were carried out in Montpellier, France. The results show a diversion between ‘classical’ sight-seeing tourists and predominantly young tourists visiting friends and relatives with a smooth transition between the opposing extremes with many shades in between. While former proclaim to be strictly uninfluenced and mostly in favor of surveillance, they nevertheless change their spatial behavior indirectly following the changing spatial behaviors and practices of inhabitants. On the other end of the spectrum predominantly young tourists visiting friends and relatives specifically look for non-supervised spaces in order to hang out in the late evening and night, often accompanied by a total rejection of supervision. The article concludes that CCTV does alter and change the urban tourist space, trying to create a space favoring sight-seeing tourists, displacing other forms of tourism and place usage to non-supervised spaces off the spotlight.

Transforming tourist urban spaces by CCTV – an empirical study in Montpellier