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Automobile-based tourism during the USA Jim Crow era, while providing a mechanism for African Americans to circumvent institutionalized discrimination and segregation, was nonetheless fraught with anti-black harassment and denied accommodations, and even violence. The emotional geographies that undergirded this Jim Crow travel have traditionally not attracted significant attention from tourism scholars despite the foundational role they play in shaping current travel patterns, preferences, and anxieties among African Americans. We interpret Jim Crow travel in the context of the atmospheric politics of White supremacy that negatively affected Black motorists on the road and the counter mobility-work of African Americans using the automobile to survive, negotiate, defy, and redefine these atmospheres of uncertainty, fear, and intimidation. In particular, our paper focuses on the emotional labor behind Jim Crow automobile travel, using oral histories collected through a partnership with the Beck Cultural Exchange Center, a Knoxville, Tennessee Black heritage site, to highlight the travel experiences of people of color. Results suggest that seemingly practical and mundane driving practices, decisions, and preparations were always deeply informed by the emotion-laden work of African Americans controlling the degree to which racism might affect them and their children, both physically and psychologically, as well as controlling the extent to which their presence on the road might affect and inflame a hostile White public.

Jim Crow journey stories: African American driving as emotional labor