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The long-term intrinsic water use efficiency ( iWUE ) of Japanese beech ( Fagus crenata ), which is widely distributed in northern Japan, was calculated annually from carbon isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose ( δ 13 C TR) from 1907 to 2012 to examine the stomatal response to rising atmospheric CO 2  concentration ( c a). We also estimated transpiration at the tree level ( E ) from  iWUE  using  δ 13 C TR. The  iWUE  increased by 24.2%, from 58.6 to 72.7 μmol·mol −1 , from 1907 to 2012 in proportion to the increase in  c a. Additionally, long-term  E  has increased at the tree level, even though an increase in  iWUE  leads to a decrease in  E  at the leaf level. These results can be explained by assuming the promotional effect of increased tree biomass on  E  per tree, which offsets the inhibitory effect of increased  iWUE  on  E  per leaf over the life history of the trees.

journal of forest research

The promotional effect of increased growth on transpiration exceeds the inhibitory effect of increased water use efficiency over the life history of  Fagus crenata  trees