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Social role beliefs are important to study as they shape individual’s pattern of thinking about their roles as categorized gender-specific or egalitarian in society. The present study investigated cross-cultural variations in individualistic versus collectivist cultures as well as underlying dimensions of the Social Roles Questionnaire using two independent samples of students (N = 1111). From United Kingdom, 108 men ( Mage  = 23.98, SD = 7.66) and 247 women ( Mage  = 22.40, SD = 6.15) and from Pakistan, 552 men ( Mage  = 23.90, SD = 3.27) and 204 women ( Mage  = 23.96, SD = 5.43) were conveniently sampled. Cross-cultural variations and underlying dimensions of the scale were investigated by establishing measurement invariance through a series of hierarchically nested confirmatory factor analyses models by increasing levels of cross-group equality constraints. Results confirmed original two factor model i.e., gender-transcendent (α = .82) and gender-linked (α = .96) with strong Cronbach’s alphas. Measurement invariance results showed invariance on gender-transcendent (Δχ 2  = 5.68 (6) ,  p  &gt; 0.05) whereas non-invariance for measurement (Δχ 2  = 49.68(13),  p  &lt; 0.01) as well as structural models (Δχ 2  = 50.19(14),  p  &lt; 0.01) related to gender-linked. The results were supported by significantly lower latent mean analysis of the UK students than those of the Pakistani students on gender-linked but there was no significant difference on gender-transcendent.

Gender social roles: A cross-cultural comparison