English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The braking performance of copper-based brake pads is highly dependent on the characteristics of dynamic self-formed friction film. For this study, high-performance copper-based brake pads were fabricated first, and the mean friction coefficient under various braking conditions was in the range of 0.35–0.51 and remained about 0.35 even after a series of continuous emergency braking. The highlighted features of friction film enabling the stable braking performance were further revealed. During high-energy braking, a large number of nano-oxide particles are generated to form oxide-rich friction film to promote the mild braking process. The micro- and submicrometer-scale hard particles mixed in the friction film further strengthen the friction film itself. The raw hard powder particles outside the friction film inhibit the rapid migration and expansion of the friction film. The synergetic strengthening effects of multiscale hard particles promote the formation of stable friction film, leading to the stable friction braking performance of copper-based brake pads. It is very meaningful to reverse guide the design of high-performance copper-based brake pads based on the revealed friction film structure.

A Multiscale Strengthened Friction Film Enabling the Stable Braking Performance of a Copper-Based Brake Pad in High-Speed Emergency Braking