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CaWO 4  and WO 3  nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method and Pechini method. The morphology and structure of nano-CaWO 4  and nano-WO 3  were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tribological, hot forming, and hot rolling lubrication properties of nano-CaWO 4 , nano-WO 3 , and mixed nano-CaWO 4 -WO 3  as antiwear additives in water-based fluid were investigated using a four-ball friction and wear testing machine, Gleeble tester, and two-high rolling mill, respectively. Results showed that 0.3 wt% mixed nano-CaWO 4 -WO 3  has excellent tribological properties in water-based fluid. The average wear scar diameter values decreased from 0.62 to 0.37 mm (mixed WO 3 -CaWO 4 ) and the coefficient of friction value reduced from 0.080 to 0.064. This was due to the formation of a tribofilm (∼30 nm) on the worn surface during the forming process, avoiding direct contact between the metals. During Gleeble hot forming, the lubrication effect of the mixed nano-CaWO 4 -WO 3  was the best. The nano-WO 3 -CaWO 4  particles were relatively dispersed and dis not bond together under high temperature and pressure conditions, which played a role in reducing friction resistance between friction pairs. With the addition of 0.3 wt% mixed WO 3 -CaWO 4  nanofluid, the surface quality was improved and it had the lowest surface roughness in the hot rolling process.

Tribological and Lubrication Performances of Nano-WO 3 and CaWO 4 Contained in Water-Based Fluid for Steel Strip during Hot Forming