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In this study, total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacity wound healing and anti-analgesic effects of creams prepared from  Nigella sativa  EOs, hydrosol, and seed oil were determined in the experimental rat model. For this purpose, the volatile components of  N. sativa  EOs and hydrosol were characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS and the total antioxidant capacity of creams was determined by CUPRAC and DPPH assays. The analgesic effect of the creams was determined by the formalin test, while the wound-healing effects of creams were evaluated in vivo by experimentally creating skin wounds in rats. The main components in the group of monoterpene hydrocarbons, accounting for 52.61% of the total composition of  N. sativa  EOs, were as follows: p-cymene (28.76%), α-thujene (12.88%),  trans -verbenol (5.99%), β-pinene (3.71%), α-pinene (3.69%), sabinene (1.7%), and limonene (1.69%). The group of oxygenated monoterpenes of  N. sativa  EOs was dominated by 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (35.7%), known as thymoquinone (TQ). On the other hand, the analyses of GC-FID and GC-MS revealed that  N. sativa  hydrosol contains five components. These ingredients were as follows: 1,8-cineole (0.4%), linalool (0.5%),  trans -verbenol (2.83%), terpinen-4-ol (7.21%), and TQ (89.05%). Research findings revealed the strong antioxidant effect and radical scavenging ability of the prepared creams. It was found that the cream, especially enriched with  N. sativa  hydrosol, had a better antioxidant effect and wound healing potential.

journal of essential oil bearing plants

Wound Healing, Anti-analgesic, and Antioxidant Activity of  Nigella sativa  Linn., Essential Based Topical Formulations in Rat Model Experimental Skin Defects