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The development of resistance against commercialized antifungal and herbicides encourages researchers to focus on the development of new natural products based on essential oils (EOs) with herbicidal and antifungal properties. This study aims to analyze the chemical compositions and evaluate the herbicidal and antifungal activities of cones essential oil of three Pine Tunisian species. EOs composition was carried out by GC and GC/MS analysis. Phytotoxic effects of EOs was evaluated against the germination and growth of two weeds ( Phalaris canariensis  and  Sinapis arvensis ) and  Triticum durum  as cultivated specie. Antifungal assays were evaluated against five fungal strains ( Bipolaris sorokiniana ,  Botrytis cinerea ,  Fusarium graminarium ,  Fusarium avenaceum  and  Fusarium culmorum ). Our results showed that pines EOs are characterized by their richness in monoterpenes hydrocarbons (51.71-78.33%) with different dominant constituents. Limonene (3.21-46.56%), α-pinene (28.15-34.52%), and β-pinene (0.95-9.34%) were the major compounds in analyzed EOs. Tested oils were effective against weeds, cultivated specie and target fungi in relation to their variable compositions. All EOs studied showed a significant phytotoxic effects and  Pinus pinea  exhibited the highest herbicidal effects against all tested weeds. In addition, the highest fungi toxic properties have been marked by  P. pinea  and  P. nigra  EOs. Obtained data found that the interspecific variability results in a variability of the chemical composition of pine EOs as well as their biological activities.

Tunisian Pine Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Herbicidal and Antifungal Properties