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The effects of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) toxicity on embryonic and larval development of  Hypophthalmichthys molitrix  and  Ctenopharyngodon idella  was determined. Different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/l) of Cd and Ni were administered in separate trials to the fish after spawning to 168 h post-hatching (hph) period. Cd was more toxic to the embryos of both fish, as highest embryonic mortality (%) of  H. molitrix  and  C. idella  was observed. However, Ni was found to be more toxic to the larvae of  H. molitrix  and  C. Idella  with highest larval mortality at 168 hph. However, Ni was found to be more toxic to the larvae of  H. molitrix  and  C. idella  with highest larval mortality at 168 hph. The study found a significant effect of heavy metal and metal concentration for causing deformities in  H. molitrix . However, in  C. idella  only the effect of metal concentration on fish deformities was significant. Furthermore, Ni was found to cause more deformities as compared to Cd in  H. molitrix.  While Cd was found to cause more deformities as compared to Ni in  C. idella . In conclusion, the study suggests that Cd and Ni may cause serious deformities in fish.

journal of applied animal research

Survival potential and assessment of deformities in embryo and larvae of Chinese carps ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix  and  Ctenopharyngodon idella ) under acute exposure of cadmium and nickel