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Cyanobacterial blooms are widely known to cause problems in the aquatic environment, and their appearance has become more frequent due to global warming.  Microcystis  is one of the most widespread and dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera, largely because  Microcystis  has the ability to control its buoyancy. A buoyancy experiment conducted on  Microcystis  sp. isolated from cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Senba, Japan, showed that buoyancy could be controlled using a combination of preculture under the dark conditions and the addition of powdered tightly bound extracellular polysaccharides (TB-EPS) and metal cations (Ca 2+  and Mg 2+ ). Preculture under the dark conditions, 96 h in length were the most effective treatment to reduce the cellular carbohydrate content of  Microcystis  and simultaneously increase its buoyancy. The addition of TB-EPS, Ca 2+  and Mg 2+  ions increased the colony size of  Microcystis  and enhanced buoyancy in precultures under both dark and light conditions. Thus, the buoyancy of  Microcystis  can be controlled by reducing its cellular carbohydrate content by preculturing it in dark conditions for 96 h and increasing the colony size with the addition of 100 mg l −1  EPS, 80 mg l −1  Ca 2+  and 80 mg l −1  Mg 2+ . This study contributes to establishing a novel removal method for cyanobacterial blooms dominated by  Microcystis , especially in water treatment facilities.

Buoyancy control of Microcystis using different light regimes combined with extracellular polysaccharides and cationic ions