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Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in stroke patients. Although pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a promising intervention, its effects on stroke patients have not been fully studied. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effect of PFMT on PFM and urinary function of stroke patients. The databases AMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PEDro were searched for title/abstract on PFMT and stroke. RCTs and quasi-experimental trials that compared the effects of PFMT to a control intervention in stroke patients were included. The RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The Standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The current review included three RCTs and one quasi-experimental study, all of which were moderate to high quality. The analysis revealed that PFMT significantly improved PFM contraction (SMD: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.38;  p  &lt; .0001), dynamic endurance (SMD: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.16;  p  = .030), daytime frequency (SMD: −0.81; 95% CI, −1.37 to −0.25;  p  = .004), ICIQ-SF (SMD: −1.64; 95% CI, −2.39 to −0.89;  p  &lt; .0001), and LUTS (SMD: −1.82; 95% CI, −2.67 to −0.96;  p  &lt; .0001). Differences in PFM strength, static endurance, nocturia, UI frequency, and 24-hour pad weight were insignificant or non-existent between the two groups. This review demonstrates that PFMT improves PFM contraction, PFM dynamic endurance, daytime frequency, and overall LUTS in stroke patients. To validate these findings, well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes and reliable outcome measures should be conducted.

Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle function and lower urinary tract symptoms in stroke patients: a systematic review