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The removal of nitrate (NO 3− −N) from water bodies under the conditions of poor nutrition and low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio is a widespread problem. In this study, modified corn stalk (CS) was used to immobilize  Burkholderia  sp. CF6 with cellulose-degrading and denitrifying abilities. The optimal operating parameters of the bioreactor were explored. The results showed that under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 h and the C/N ratio of 2.0, the maximum nitrate removal efficiency was 96.75%. In addition, the organic substances in the bioreactor under different C/N ratios and HRT were analyzed by three−dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission mass spectrometry (3D−EEM), and it was found that the microorganisms have high metabolic activity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the new material has excellent immobilization effects. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) showed that it has potential as a solid carbon source. Through high−throughput sequencing analysis,  Burkholderia  sp. CF6 was observed as the main bacteria present in the bioreactor. These research results showed that the use of waste corn stalks waste provides a theoretical basis for the advanced treatment of low C/N ratio wastewater.

Nitrate removal under low carbon to nitrogen ratio by modified corn straw bioreactor: Optimization and possible mechanism