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The wide presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment is a global concern, thus their degradation is an imminent task. In this study, oxidative and/or reductive degradation of three representative PFAS – perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was achieved using nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe 0  NPs) under ultraviolet (UV) light, both with and without the presence of oxygen. Higher degradation and defluorination rates were obtained for a longer chain PFNA compared to PFOA, and a higher removal of PFAS was achieved without the presence of O 2  compared to that with O 2 . The degradation followed first-order reaction kinetics, and obtained the highest rates of 97.6, &gt;99.9, and 98.5% without the presence of O 2  for PFOA, PFNA, and PFOS, respectively. The degradation rates increased with an increase in the nanoparticle concentrations in the range of 1–100 mg/L. In addition to fluoride ions, shorter chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were detected as the main intermediates during PFAS degradation; PFHpS and 6:2 FTS were also detected during PFOS degradation. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals ( · O 2− ) were not involved in the degradation of PFOA, but likely involved in the degradation of PFOS. Emerging contaminants PFAS degradation using the UV/Fe 0  system is a cost-effective technology owing to the low cost and recyclability of Fe 0  nanomaterials, low energy consumption in the system, and its capability to degrade PFAS both with and without the presence of oxygen. This technology can be potentially applied to treat PFAS-contaminated waters in the environment.

Degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances using UV/Fe 0 system with and without the presence of oxygen