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In this work ,  a novel adsorbent of aluminium/lanthanum loaded wheat straw biochar (Al-La-WSB), was prepared by using a facile approach and used for fluoride removal. The Al-La-WSB and its pristine wheat straw biochar (WSB) were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate adsorbent performance, the highest removal rate was observed at pH 9, contact time of 7 h and Al-La-WSB dose of 1 g L −1 . Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model fitted the experimental data well. The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of Al-La-WSB at different experiment temperature of 298, 308 and 318 K, was 51.28 mg g –1 , 46.73 mg g –1  and 50.25 mg g –1 , respectively, which was better than most reported adsorbents. The Al-La-WSB performed well over a considerable wide pH range of 3–10 and carried positive charge at pH &lt; 4.8. The presence co-existing ions of SO 42− , HCO 3− , Cl −  and NO 3−  had a minor impact on fluoride adsorption besides PO 43− . Regeneration experiment results showed that the Al-La-WSB had an excellent reusability. According to the adsorbent characterization and batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption of fluoride on the Al-La-WSB was primarily a chemisorption, involving electrostatic interactions and ion exchange, which nitrate ion and hydroxyl played a major role. The results suggested that the Al-La-WSB could be a great adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water.

environmental technology

Preparation and characterization of wheat straw biochar loaded with aluminium/lanthanum hydroxides: a novel adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water