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We have developed a robust procedure for the visual  on-site  detection of zinc, cadmium and mercury metal ions in an aqueous medium using a polymeric hydrogel matrix-based colorimetric sensor. Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Hg 2+ , owing to their biological significant value and environmental harm, have attracted more attention. The selective detection of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Hg 2+  metal ions has always been challenging due to their closed-shell d 10  electronic configuration which makes them spectroscopically silent. A polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl guargum polymeric hydrogel-based metal ion sensor was synthesized by  in situ  embedding 11, 16-bis (phenyl)-6, 6, 21, 21-tetramethyl-m-benzi-6,21-porphodimethene ( meta -BPDM) in a host hydrogel. The  meta -BPDM-embedded hydrogel shows high stability, sensitivity and selectivity when it is dipped into the aqueous solutions of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Hg 2+  metal ions. During detection, the binding of these metal ions in hydrogel causes hydrogel to change from red to bluish-green which was visually detected and confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The  meta -BPDM-embedded polymeric hydrogel was characterized by using solid-state UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and its sensing properties were studied. The  meta -BPDM-embedded polymeric hydrogel was found to be an excellent colorimetric sensor for Zn 2+ , Cd 2+  and Hg 2+  in aqueous medium without leaching of  meta -BPDM from the hydrogel. The selectivity to sense these ions is mainly dependent on the binding constant of these metal ions with the  meta -BPDM embedded in the hydrogel. The sensitivity of the hydrogel was 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L with Hg 2+ , Zn 2+  and Cd 2+ , respectively.

environmental technology

Synthesis, characterization and metal ions sensing applications of  meta -benziporphodimethene-embedded polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl guargum polymeric hydrogels in water