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Lagarosiphon major  (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae) is a submerged freshwater plant native to South Africa, and a destructive invader of waterways across Europe, Australasia and the U.S.A. Native range exploration identified a leaf mining ephydrid fly,  Hydrellia lagarosiphon,  as a promising biological control candidate agent. Host specificity was conducted on  H. lagarosiphon , using laboratory no-choice and paired choice tests. A number of non-target native  Potamogeton  species sustained feeding damage under no-choice and paired choice testing. To prevent rejection of a potentially safe agent, multi-generational population persistence trials were conducted on select native Potamogetonaceae. The non-target species could not sustain a viable  H. lagarosiphon  population beyond two generations. A risk assessment, incorporating the preference and relative survival, indicated that three non-target species presented extremely low (&lt;1.3%) risk of sustaining damage relative to that of  L. major. Potamogeton polygonifolius  and  P. x lanceolatus  present a reproductive risk of 5.61% and 11.5% respectively but could not support a viable population beyond the 2nd generation. These results, coupled with damage efficacy and predicted colonisation, demonstrate the potential  H. lagarosiphon  has as a biological control agent for  L. major  in Ireland.

Risk assessment of the host range of Hydrellia lagarosiphon for the biological control of Lagarosiphon major in Ireland