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In the current work, the RBE of a  212 Pb-conjugated anti-HER2/ neu  antibody construct has been evaluated, in vitro, by colony formation assay. The RBE was estimated by comparing two absorbed dose-survival curves: the first obtained from the conjugated  212 Pb experiments (test radiation), the second obtained by parallel experiments of single bolus irradiation of external beam (reference radiation). Mammary carcinoma NT2.5 cells were treated with (0–2.47) kBq/ml of radiolabeled antibody. Nonspecific binding was assessed with addition of excess amount of unlabeled antibody. The colony formation curves were converted from activity concentration to cell nucleus absorbed dose by simulating the decay and transport of all daughter and secondary particles of  212 Pb, using the Monte Carlo code GEANT 4. The radiolabeled antibody yielded an RBE of 11.5 at 37% survival and a survival independent RBE (i.e. RBE2) of 13.7. Unbound/untargeted  212 Pb-labeled antibody, as obtained in blocking experiments yielded minimal alpha-particle radiation to cells. Conclusions: These results further highlight the importance of specific targeting toward achieving tumor cell kill and low toxicity to normal tissue.

212 Pb-conjugated anti-rat HER2/ neu antibody against a neu -N derived murine mammary carcinoma cell line: cell kill and RBE in vitro