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High doses of gamma (γ) irradiation cause oxidative stress and DNA damage. Alternative oxidase (AOX) catalyzes the energy-dissipating cyanide-resistant alternative pathway in plant mitochondria and is an important part of the cellular defense network under stress conditions. In this study,  Arabidopsis thaliana  plants with an altered expression of the  AOX1a  gene were exposed by high dose-rate ionizing radiation to assess the expression of genes of DNA repair and pro-/antioxidant states to elucidate the functional significance of AOX in plant stress response. Five-week-old  A. thaliana  plants, either with basal  AOX1a  gene expression (wild-type Colombia-0 (Col-0)), antisense silencing of  AOX1a  (AS-12), and overexpression of the gene (XX-2), were γ-irradiated at a dose of 200 Gy. Gene expression and biochemical analyses were performed 12 h after irradiation. Acute γ-irradiation caused different responses between the genotypes. XX-2 plants, either control or irradiated, showed the highest expression of  AOX1a  gene and AOX protein, and the lowest expression of DNA repair genes. Wild type and AS-12 plants exposed to γ-irradiation upregulated another stress-induced gene,  AOX1d , and DNA repair genes. Furthermore, a higher activity of Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was observed in the irradiated AS-12 plants than in the untreated plants of this line. However, AS-12 plants were less effective than Col-0 plants in controlling the accumulation of the superoxide anion. XX-2 plants had the lowest reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels among the genotypes. AS-12 plants display a compensatory mechanism by increasing the expression of  AOX1d  and the synthesis of the AOX protein, as well as by Mn-SOD activation. However, these were insufficient to maintain the background level of embryonic lethal mutations, and thereby the reproductive capacity. These results highlight the importance of AOX in the successful adaptation of plants to acute γ-irradiation, and indicate that  AOX1a  plays a key role in the regulation of the stress response.

international journal of radiation biology

Responses of genes of DNA repair, alternative oxidase, and pro-/antioxidant state in  Arabidopsis thaliana  with altered expression of  AOX1a  to gamma irradiation