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Plasmodium  is a genus of parasites that comprises different species. The species  falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale,  and  knowlesi  are known to cause a vector-borne illness called malaria, and among these,  falciparum  is known to cause major complications. The vector, the Anopheles mosquito, is commonly found in warmer regions close to the equator, and hence transmission and numbers of cases tend to be higher in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Central America. The number of cases of malaria in the United States has remained stable over the years with low transmission rates, and the disease is mostly seen in the population with a recent travel history to endemic regions. The main reason behind this besides the weather conditions is that economically developed countries have eliminated mosquitos. However, there have been reports of locally reported cases with  Plasmodium vivax  in areas such as Florida and Texas in patients with no known travel history. This paper aims to familiarize US physicians with the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnostic modalities of malaria, as well as available treatment options.

Epidemiological shifts: the emergence of malaria in America