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Previous studies have demonstrated the antibacterial activity of paeonol against bacterial pathogens, but its anti-biofilm activities against  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Listeria monocytogenes  remain largely unexplored. Here, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of paeonol against  S. aureus  and  L. monocytogenes  were examined using the crystal violet staining assay (CVSA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Paeonol effectively inhibited the growth of  S. aureus  and  L. monocytogenes  with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 and 125 μg ml −1 , respectively, and disrupted the integrity of cell membranes. Moreover, sub-MIC paeonol exhibited an inhibitory effect on the attachment of  S. aureus  and  L. monocytogenes  to the abiotic surface and biofilm formation. Further, paeonol effectively destroyed cell membranes within biofilms, and dispersed mature biofilms of both strains. The results indicate that paeonol might be a promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent for combating infections caused by  S. aureus  and  L. monocytogenes .

Effect of paeonol against bacterial growth, biofilm formation and dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in vitro