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The working medium is air in a solar air heater (SAH) and because of its low heat-transfer coefficient, SAH results in poor performance. By placing artificial-roughness over the heat-collector plate, the performance of a SAH can be improved significantly. The improvement in thermal and hydraulic performance by providing multiple-arc-rib roughnesses patterns with the gap is discussed and generalized correlations are developed for Nusselt number and friction factor based on results collected from the experimentation (under steady condition). In total seven parameters were considered to study heat transfer and friction characteristics, that is, Reynolds number, rib-pitch, rib-height, number of gaps, arc-attack angle, rib, and gap width. In comparison to smooth collector-plate type of solar air heater, the 5.76 and 6.05 times higher Nusselt number and friction factor obtained in the proposed roughened SAH. Besides this, the developed mathematical expression for Nusselt number and friction factor shows close-fit with the experimental data under the error band of only 10 and 12%, respectively.

experimental heat transfer

Experimental investigation for heat and flow characteristics of solar air heater having symmetrical gaps in multiple-arc rib pattern as roughness elements