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Lychnis coronaria , a perennial (herbaceous) belonging to Caryophyllaceae has been traditionally used for treating different complications. However, the free radical scavenging effect, anti-inflammatory activity and anticancer property of methanolic extract of this plant has not been addressed. Most importantly, the chemical constituents present in the extract of  Lychnis coronaria  responsible for its diverse activities have not been scrutinized till date. Here, we used a complex approach for exploring the above mentioned effects of  Lychnis coronaria . We performed rigorous phytochemical screening followed by quantification of tannins, phenols, alkaloids, quinones and sterols from the extract. Moreover we employed  in vitro  DPPH, ABTS , FRAP assay, albumin denaturation inhibition experiment, MTT assay, high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for measurng the reactive oxygen species quenching, anti-inflammatory and anticancer strength of  Lychnis coronaria  and for identifying the possible bioactive molecules. We identified two novel molecules panaxynol (polyacetylenic alcohol) and norharman (9H-Pyrido [3, 4-B] indole) following rigorous analysis of the extract. Following this, the binding affinity of these molecules was estimated using human cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme as target. Among the constituents of  Lychnis coronaria  norharman manifested stronger binding towards COX-2 compared to panaxynol. Most importantly, norharman showed high stability in the groove of COX2 as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. Collectively,  Lychnis coronaria  manifested free radical neutralizing, inflammation soothing and anticancer effect in concentration dependent manner and thus may serve as a promising phytotherapeutic in future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

journal of biomolecular structure and dynamics

Evaluation of free radical quenching, anti-inflammatory activity together with anticancer potential of  Lychnis coronaria  and characterization of novel molecules from its extract through high resolution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled to structural biochemistry approach