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This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of hesperidin and luteolin, isolated from  Eriocephalus africanus,  in the human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The viability of MCF-7 cells, upon treatment with hesperidin and luteolin, was evaluated using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay; apoptotic activity and effect on cell cycle progression were analysed by flow cytometry; effect on expression of key apoptotic regulatory genes (caspase-3, -8, -9,  Bcl-2  and  Bax ) and apoptotic microRNAs (-16, -21 and -34a) were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Hesperidin and luteolin reduced cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, caused a significant accumulation of apoptotic cells into the G0/G1 and sub-G1 cell cycle phases, induced apoptosis through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, down-regulated anti-apoptotic,  Bcl-2 , and upregulated pro-apoptotic,  Bax . In addition, hesperidin and luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of miR-21 and upregulated that of miR-16 and -34a in MCF-7. Spearman`s rank analysis revealed a positive correlation between  Bcl-2  and miR-21 and negative correlation between  Bcl-2 , miR-16 and -34a. Findings from this study provide new evidence on the molecular basis of the anticancer activity of luteolin and hesperidin in breast cancer cell lines. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The effect of hesperidin and luteolin isolated from Eriocephalus africanus on apoptosis, cell cycle and miRNA expression in MCF-7