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Tuberculosis globally affects millions of people every year and is responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity in tropical countries like India. The treatment of tuberculosis involves using the first line of drugs especially Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin, Ethambutol and Rifampicin for treatment under the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shots) regime which can last up to minimum of six months. These drugs although widely used against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  has given rise to multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis strain. It has been observed widely that prolonged drug treatment for tuberculosis patient has rendered several side effects that include increasing muscle wasting and malnutrition. In our study, we have investigated the role of these major tuberculosis drugs namely Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol on actin polymerization which are famously known to be a central player in the sarcomere region of the muscle in human body. For  in vitro  studies, we have used biophysical approaches such as 90° scattering assay (RLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), kinetic analysis to understand the time taken to break down effect of above mentioned drugs on actin disruption. I n vivo  analysis was carried out on yeast Δ end3  mutants which are rich in F-actin filaments in order to understand the effect of the aforementioned drugs in rendering the muscle wasting phenomenon in tuberculosis. Furthermore, we also carried out  in silico  analysis to understand the probable modes of binding of these drugs on actin filaments. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

journal of biomolecular structure and dynamics

In vitro ,  in vivo  and  in silico  rationale for the muscle loss due to therapeutic drugs used in the treatment of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  infection