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Arabinogalactan (ICPA) was isolated from the medicinal plant  Ixeris chinensis  (Thunb.) Nakai, and was used as the reducing agent to stabilize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). ICPA-decorated SeNPs (ICPA-SeNPs) were synthesized with Na 2 SeO 3  and ICPA, and their average diameter was 82.6 ± 2.5 nm. ICPA-SeNPs had good dispersity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with a hydrodynamic size of 156.2 ± 2.8 nm. They were stable in PBS solution with a zeta potential of −24.8 ± 0.6 mV. The anti-hepatoma activity of ICPA-SeNPs was investigated  in vitro . ICPA-SeNPs significantly suppressed the growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 hepatoma cells. They entered SMMC-7721 cells via energy- and caveolae-dependent endocytosis. ICPA-SeNPs were able to increase reactive oxygen species levels, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase caspase-3 expression in SMMC-7721 cells, which led to the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells. They also arrested the cell cycle of SMMC-7721 cells in the S phase. These findings indicate that ICPA could enhance the stability of SeNPs and inhibit SMMC-7721 cell proliferation via the mitochondrial pathway. ICPA-SeNPs could be developed as an antitumor agent for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

journal of carbohydrate chemistry

Arabinogalactan from  Ixeris chinensis  (Thunb.) Nakai as a stabilizer to decorate SeNPs and enhance their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity via the mitochondrial pathway