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This paper examines the limits of power injected to the grid for the photovoltaic (PV) system. Usually, the PV system injects to the grid active power with reactive power equal to zero. However, it can inject/absorb both powers according to the grid demand and maintain the stability of the grid characteristics (voltage and frequency). The proposed system consists of two main controllers: the DC/DC boost converter to track the possible maximum power from the PV panels and the grid-tied three-phase inverter. The controllers are designed based on a nonlinear adaptive backstepping approach, sliding mode control and the vector control strategy. The robustness of the proposed techniques is ensured by considering parametric uncertainties as well as external disturbances. In the proposed control strategies, the sliding mode control presents a small number of parameters than the other strategies. The reactive power is proposed by the grid manager which is controlled via the inverter. The simulation results indicate clearly the robustness of the sliding mode control in terms of injecting active and reactive power into the grid and improving power quality as compared to a backstepping controller and vector control.

Comparative Analysis of Three Non-Linear Control Strategies for Grid-Connected PV System