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Accurate predictions of the short-term reactivity of liming products are needed for situations where rapid soil pH adjustment is desired. Lime efficiency (LE) describes the capacity of a liming material to neutralize soil acidity in comparison with a finely ground CaCO 3  standard (LE = 100%). Our objectives were to evaluate LE for calcitic liming materials varying in particle size at 1–12 months after soil incorporation using pH change (LE pH ) and CO 2  evolution (LE CO2 ) as response indicators, and to evaluate a 15-min citric acid (CA) test as a predictor of LE. We evaluated LE for lime particle size separates from 10 to 200 USA mesh (&lt; 2000 µm to 75 µm) and for three commercial liming products (65, 25 and 11 µm average particle size) in a sandy loam soil. In field microplots, it took 6 months to achieve LE of &gt; 80% with lime particles of &lt;60 mesh (&lt; 250 µm). LE pH  was linearly related to LE CO2  at one month following lime incorporation into soil. Both LE pH  and LE CO2  increased as a function of CA test values, as described by logarithmic equations. Lime particle size, CO 2  evolution, and CA test values were all useful indicators of short-term LE.

Indicators of lime reactivity in soil: particle size, carbon dioxide evolution, and citric acid titration