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Soil microbial and enzymatic activities are sensitive to environmental change. To assess variations in soil properties, six prominent rainfed land-use systems were undertaken in Shiwalik foothills of Punjab, India. In soil samples (0–0.15 m), pH, EC, SOC, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, DTPA-Zn, DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Mn and DTPA-Cu varied from 7.3–7.9, 0.31–0.61 ds m −1 , 0.20–0.63%, 110–381 kg ha −1 , 29.8–32.6 kg ha −1 , 99–196 kg ha −1 , 9.5–15.1 mg kg −1 , 9.0–25.2 mg kg −1 , 0.31–1.02 mg kg −1  and 0.71–0.96 mg kg −1 , respectively. In soil biochemical properties, dehydrogenase activity varied from 5.4–10.9 µg TPF g −1  h −1 , acid and alkaline phosphatase from 17.0–36.5 µg pNP g −1  h −1  and 36.3–61.3 µg pNP g −1  h −1 , urease from 4.05 to 4.80 µg NH 4 -N g −1  soil min −1 , basal soil respiration from 0.13–0.27 µg CO 2  g −1  soil h −1 , MBC from 34.9 to 184.5 µg g −1  soil, total and easily extractable glomalin from 4.19 to 8.80 g kg −1  and 1.70 to 8.32 g kg −1 , respectively. PCA identified SOC, EC, total extractable glomalin, DTPA-Zn and available potassium as most sensitive and reliable indicators for soil quality. Agri-horticulture and forestry system are considered as sustainable ecosystem in Shiwalik foothills of Punjab.

Soil biochemical properties of various land use under rainfed conditions in Shiwalik foothills of Punjab, India