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The present study was developed to evaluate and optimise catalytic oxidative degradation of Ceftriaxone (CTX) from aqueous solution using heterogeneous O 3 /UV/Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2  systems. The performance of combined system O 3 /UV/Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2  was examined as a function of operational parameters including catalyst dosage, solution pH, initial concentration and ozone concentration in a batch system. Physical and chemical properties of the catalyst composite materials were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and vibrating sample magnetometer. A high removal efficiency of CTX (92.40%) and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction (72.5%) were obtained under optimum conditions, i.e. (time: 30 min, photocatalyst dosage: 2 g/L, pH: 9, initial CTX concentration: 10 mg/L and ozone dosage: 0.2 g/h). The high removal efficiency of CTX and TOC after six consecutive catalyst uses proved the excellent reusing potential of Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 . Quenching experiments confirmed that OH° played major roles compared with h+ and O 2−  in photocatalytic degradation of CTX. Integration of O 3 /UV/Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 exhibited an excellent performance into CTX removal over 30 min reaction, which can be considered as a promising and effective technique for the decontamination of polluted waters.

international journal of environmental analytical chemistry

Degradation of Ceftriaxone from aquatic solution using a heterogeneous and reusable O 3 /UV/ Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2  systems: operational factors, kinetics and mineralisation