English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Chitosan (CTS) biopolymer was modified by commercial activated charcoal (AC) as a source of carbon to fabricate a hybrid chitosan-activated charcoal (CTS-AC) composite biosorbent to remove thionine (TH), acationic dye, from aqueous solution. The key factors affecting adsorption process, i.e. CTS-AC mass (0.04–0.4 g), initial pH (4–11), initial dye concentrations (10–100 mg/L) and contact time (0–570 min) on TH removal efficiency were tested and optimised. The optimum conditions for TH removal were obtained at CTS-AC dosage = 0.16 g, solution pH = 10, and contact time = 60 min. The experimental data indicated that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 56.7 mg/g was recorded for CTS-AC composite at 303 K. The calculated thermodynamic functions show that the TH adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Besides, the adsorption mechanism of TH onto the CTS-AC may include electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. This study suggests that CTS-AC composite has a great potential as an eco-friendly and effective biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous environment.

Adsorptive performance of carbon modified chitosan biopolymer for cationic dye removal: kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and mechanism study