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Purpose:  Neutrophils remain at the top of congenital and adaptive immune systems. The past 20 years witnessed a steep rise in the interest in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are a novel type of anti-pathogen mechanism coordinated with neutrophils. However, accumulating data revealed that excessive NETs in the host were associated with exacerbated inflammation, thrombosis, and autoimmunity. Increasing evidence found the participation of NETs in the pathophysiological process of many infectious and sterile diseases in the ocular system. Therefore, we discussed the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in the ocular system in this review. Methods:  Articles were searched on PubMed, Embase and Web of science up to December 2021. Results:  In this review, we exhibited the protective role of neutrophils patrolling the ocular surface from invading pathogens and their contribution to exacerbated inflammation and thrombogenesis in some ocular diseases. We also discussed the physiological and pathological processes of NET generation to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to interrupt immoderate NET formation and alleviate NET-induced harmful effects. Conclusions:  Neutrophils and NETs are quite important for immune responses in the ocular system, while their negative effects on ocular tissue should also be emphasized, which could serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Ocular System