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Optimum fertilizer is essential for obtaining high yields of watermelon. This three location study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) fertilizer on the growth and fruit yield of watermelon. The experiment consisted of five levels of nitrogen (0,46,92,138 and 184 kg N ha −1 ) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg P 2 O 5  ha −1 ) combined full factorial. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. NP interaction and location interactions had effects on the growth and yield. Earliness of maturity was observed with 92/46 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  at all locations. A biological maximum yield of 78.8, 58.4 and 64.5 t ha −1  was obtained with 92/69, 138/46, and 184/46 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  at Ribb, Woramit and Koga, respectively. Based on the regression analysis, an optimum yield of 69.0 t ha −1  was obtained with 117/98 kg N/P 2 O 5 ha −1  at Ribb while 111/70 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  gave 50.2 t ha −1  at Woramit. High N (221 kg ha −1 ) interacted with 71 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1  gave an optimum yield of 59.0 t ha −1  at Koga. Moreover, 115.4/97.8 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  gave a maximum net return of 684,431.10 Birr (US $18178.78) at Ribb while 110.2/69.6 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  gave a maximum net return of 496942.61Birr (US $13199.00) at Woramit. At Koga, a maximum net return of 581,229.72 (US $15437.71) was obtained with 218.9/70.2 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  application. Fruit weight ranged from 3.2 kg with 0/0 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  to 5.03 kg with 92/69 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1 at Ribb while from 3.08 kg with 0/0 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  to 5.36 kg with 184/46 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  at Woramit. At Koga, it ranged from 1.67 kg with 0/0 N/P 2 O 5  ha −1  to 4.04 kg with 184/0 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1 . The highest N rate gave less TSS value at Ribb while the opposite was true at Woramit and Koga. It was concluded that 115/98, 110/70, and 219/70 kg N/P 2 O 5  ha −1 at Ribb, Woramit and Koga, respectively are economical optimum NP rates for the production of watermelon in northwest Ethiopia.

Bridging the attainable yield gaps of watermelon through nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients management in North-West Ethiopia