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Friction stir welding (FSW) is gaining attention over fusion welding is due to exceptional advantages. The advantages in FSW are superior joint properties, less preparation time, fumeless. FSW welding is widely employed in the automotive and aerospace sectors to join similar and dissimilar aluminium components. Many research articles have published particle reinforced Aluminium composite (AMC) FSW welding and reported improvement in mechanical properties. The paper focuses on the parameters used during welding to obtain good weld quality. The FSW joint efficiency of (AMC) varies between 80 and 95 percent, and joint efficiency is obtained by selecting the optimal combination of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and applied axial load. The tool rotation speed varies between 600 and 1200 rpm, with a 30–110 mm/min welding speed for uniform grain size in the joint using moderate axial loads. The tool profile and process parameters significantly impact welded joints' hardness and tensile behavior. The paper outlines the FSW process, operating ranges, and type of tools been used, which may be helpful for future research in the domain.

Influence of process parameters and its effects on friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminium alloy and its composites – a review