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This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the cardiometabolic (CM) health of children and adolescents and identifying factors associated with CM complications shortly after cancer treatment. Cancer-related characteristics, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, and biochemical parameters were collected in 80 patients (56.3% female, mean age: 11.8 years; range: 4.5 − 21.0) a mean of 1.4 years following therapy completion. Compared to children, adolescents had higher mean  z -score of insulin (–0.47 vs. 0.20;  P  = 0.01), HOMA-IR (–0.40 vs. 0.25;  P  = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (0.36 vs. 0.84;  P  = 0.01), subscapular skinfold thickness (–0.19 vs. 0.47;  P  = 0.02), total body fat (–1.43 vs. 0.26;  P  &lt; 0.01), and lower mean  z -score of HDL-C (0.07 vs. –0.53;  P  &lt; 0.01). Adolescents were more likely to have high BP (42% vs. 15%;  P  &lt; 0.01), dyslipidemia (64% vs. 15%;  P  &lt; 0.001), and cumulating ≥ 2 CM complications (42% vs. 2%;  P  &lt; 0.001) than children. Adiposity indices ( z -scores) were associated with high BP [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.11 to 4.09] and dyslipidemia (OR ranging from 2.06 to 4.34). These results suggest that adolescents have a worse CM profile than children shortly after therapy and that adiposity parameters are associated with CM complications, highliting the importance to develop intervention strategies targeting this population.

Cardiometabolic Health After Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Adolescents Are More Affected than Children