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A multidimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the operation of one cylinder of a 1.4-liter flex-fuel spark-ignition engine. Hydrous ethanol with 4.3%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% water volumetric contents were the considered fuels for the engine. The full load engine operating point was analyzed at 3,875 rpm with a relative air-fuel ratio of 0.9 and a fixed ignition delay. A Grid Convergence Index study was conducted to guarantee the accuracy of the obtained numerical solutions. A six consecutive mechanical cycle simulation was performed for hydrous ethanol with 4.3% water content, and experimental data were used for validation purposes. Turbulent flame speeds were also evaluated and analyzed. Numerical results showed that 10% water content led to the highest engine-generated power output and flame propagation speeds and to the lowest CO and unburned ethanol emissions among the tested fuels. The flame shape and encompassed volume were also analyzed. The results also showed that the high swirl in the in-cylinder flow affects the initial development of the flame for all water contents considered. Fuels leading to lower flame distortions early after ignition showed higher reaction rates and better performance.

A Computational Study on the Influence of the Hydrous Ethanol Water Content in Spark-Ignition Engine Performance and in Flame Development