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A 3-year-old, intact female mixed-breed dog, weighing 7 kg, was presented with generalised swelling of the tongue, leading to impaired deglutition and episodes of dyspnoea. From the age of 2 years, the dog had been under immunosuppressive therapy due to atopic dermatitis. Multiple nodular lesions at the apex of the tongue were noted as well as mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement. Serum biochemistry results showed inflammatory changes. The results of several biopsies taken over 7 months indicated persistent pyogranulomatous and necrotising glossitis despite ongoing antimicrobial treatment, first with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and then pradofloxacin. No foreign material, acid-fast bacteria or fungal hyphae were detected throughout. The final diagnosis of  Mycobacterium avium  subsp.  hominissuis  ( Mah ) was reached after PCR and bacterial culture were carried out on the third biopsy sample. Therapy was initiated with rifampicin, clarithromycin and doxycycline, leading to complete remission of the lesions. Severe chronic pyogranulomatous and necrotising glossitis associated with infection by  Mah . This report describes challenges in the diagnosis and therapy of a localised  Mah  infection in an iatrogenically immunocompromised dog. Successful treatment was only achieved with a specific combination of antibiotics administered long-term. AF: Acid-fast; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CT: Computed tomography; MAC:  Mycobacterium avium  complex;  Mah :  Mycobacterium avium  subsp.  hominissuis

new zealand veterinary journal

Challenging diagnosis and successful treatment of localised  Mycobacterium avium  subsp.  hominissuis  glossitis in a dog on long-term immunomodulatory therapy