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Presumptive tests for blood, such as luminol and leucocrystal violet (LCV), are often used by forensic officers when screening for latent (non-visible) or diluted bloodstains at crime scenes. Where positive reactions are observed, a confirmatory test for the presence of blood may be implemented. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two such confirmatory tests (ABAcard® Hematrace® and RSID TM -Blood) on dried, diluted bloodstains that were enhanced using either the Grodsky luminol formulation or LCV. Eighteen replicates per dilution (1:10, 1:100), enhancement, and confirmatory test were performed (144 bloodstains). The RSID TM -Blood test produced false negative results for all luminol-enhanced bloodstains, regardless of dilution. This test performed slightly better for bloodstains enhanced with LCV, returning approximately 50% positive results. In contrast, the ABAcard® Hematrace® test performed well, returning positive detections for all luminol-treated bloodstains, and all but two LCV-enhanced stains (both 1:100 dilution). Significant differences were observed between the test results and suggested a potential inhibitory effect on the RSID TM -Blood test from the Grodsky luminol formulation and, to a lesser extent, LCV. This research has demonstrated that the RSID TM -Blood test is not a reliable confirmatory test faint or latent bloodstains enhanced with luminol or LCV.

A comparison of ABAcard® Hematrace® and RSID TM -Blood tests on dried, diluted bloodstains treated with leucocrystal violet or luminol