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In this article, optimized energy-storage density obtained at low electric field and accompanied with high efficiencies was achieved simultaneously by donor-doping Nb 5+  into 0.65(Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 –0.35SrTiO 3  system. The donor addition of Nb 5+  may force Ti 4+  to become Ti 3+  due to the imbalance of ion valence after the Nb 5+  substitution of Ti 4+ , leading to the formation of Ti 3+ -Nb 5+  ion pair. The self-built electric field generated by Ti 3+ -Nb 5+  ion pair is conducive to obtain slim  P-E  loops with high  Pmax  and negligible  Pr . Accordingly, a high recoverable energy densities of 1.04 J/cm 3  with a high energy efficiencies of 86.7% was achieved under 82 kV/cm at  x =  0.25 mol.% due to the enhanced  Eb  and  Pmax -P r  values. This work provides a promising approach for designing high-performance lead-free energy storage ceramics under low electric fields.

Enhanced energy storage properties in Nb-doped (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 -SrTiO 3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics