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Korean causal markers ‑ ese , ‑ nikka  and Mandarin Chinese  yinwei are used most widely in their respective languages to denote causality. Due to the syntactic structure of theadjunct-preceding-main order in both languages, ‑ ese  and ‑ nikka  are considered to beclause-initial connectives. However, in both languages,  because -clauses also occur frequently in final position.By examining the behavioral patterns of ‑ ese  and ‑ nikka  in clause-initial and -final positionsin relation to the sequence of  yinwei  through the original Korean texts translated to Mandarin Chinese and theKorean texts translated from the original Mandarin Chinese texts, this paper aims to show: (1)  ese -tokenscorrespond more to the preposed  yinwei  and other Mandarin Chinese result causal markers that strengthen the“cause-consequence” construction, as ‑ ese  mainly expresses forward logical reasoning, whereasnikka -tokens correspond more to the postposed  yinwei , as ‑ nikka  expressesepistemic inference and elaboration; (2) these logical relations are more explicitly expressed by ‑ ese  and‑ nikka , whereas Mandarin Chinese relies more on zero-marking when expressing a strong sense of sequentiallogic or an utterance of elaboration.

language and linguistics

Korean causal markers ‑ese and ‑nikka in clause-initial and final positions in relation to the sequence of Mandarin Chinese yinwei