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In a metabolic study of human and mouse preimplantation embryos (preembryos), we measured glucose uptake and phosphorylation with nonradioactive 2-deoxyglucose (DG) as tracer. Initial experiments indicated an active hexose transport capacity, a property thought to be restricted in mammals to intestinal villi and kidney tubules [Baly, D. L. &amp; Horuk, R. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 947, 571-590]. Significant findings are as follows: (i) During a 60-min incubation with a low level of DG, mouse blastocyst DG rose to levels up to 30 times that of the medium. (The intestinal active system does not transport DG [Crane, R. K. (1960) Physiol. Rev. 40, 789-825].) (ii) Active preembryo transport was not blocked (as it would have been in the intestine) by phlorizin [Alvarado, F. &amp; Crane, R. K. (1962) Biochem. Biophys. Acta 56, 170-172 and Sacktor, B. (1989) Kidney Int. 36, 342-350] or by replacement of Na+ with choline+ or K+ [Crane (1960) and Sacktor (1989)]. (iii) Transport of DG was blocked by cytochalasin B (which is not true for the intestinal transporter). We conclude that a distinct active hexose transporter and at least one facilitated transporter are present in preembryos, perhaps appearing in tandem on different membranes during formation of the increasingly complex preembryo structure.

An unusual active hexose transport system in human and mouse preimplantation embryos.