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Significance Few studies have addressed links between family planning programs and long-term benefits for women’s health and economic outcomes, especially in societies where old-age support and women’s status are tied to childbearing and where smaller families may carry negative consequences for women. We analyzed the maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) program, a highly effective intervention introduced in the rural Matlab subdistrict of Bangladesh in 1977 with a subsequent 12-y differential in service access. We found significant differences in lifetime contraceptive behavior and completed fertility among women born 1938−1973. We found few effects on later health or economic outcomes except for an association of MCH/FP with poorer overall health and poorer metabolic health among women born 1950−1961.

Thirty-five years later: Long-term effects of the Matlab maternal and child health/family planning program on older women’s well-being