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Significance Astrocytes respond to neuronal energy needs by mobilizing metabolic stores. How these resources are mobilized during neurodegeneration, especially in nearby regions that are not actively degenerating, could impact new therapeutic approaches. We modeled neurodegeneration in glaucoma and measured how metabolites mobilize through astrocyte networks. We elevated pressure in one eye and determined how astrocyte-derived metabolites in the opposite eye and nerve responded. Remarkably, astrocyte networks expand and redistribute metabolites along distances nearly 1 cm in length to donate resources from unstressed to stressed tissue. While resource donation improves axon function and visual acuity, it renders the donating tissue susceptible to further stress, which could help explain why local neurodegeneration eventually impacts healthy regions of the brain.

Redistribution of metabolic resources through astrocyte networks mitigates neurodegenerative stress