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Significance Inspired by the survival war between the “spear” of mantis shrimps with Bouligand-type microstructures and the “shield” of abalone with nacreous staggered architectures, we design an architecture, a combination of Bouligand and nacreous staggered structures, which enables excellent fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity. The sophisticated hybrid fracture mode due to the competition of energy dissipations between crack twisting and crack bridging arising in DFB architecture is identified as the origin of maximum fracture energy at a critical pitch angle. This finding sheds light on how nature evolves materials to exceptional fracture toughness and crack orientation insensitivity. The provided design strategies with parameters selection principle enable the fabrication of formidable fracture-resistant fibrous composite systems that adapt to loads in various orientations.

Discontinuous fibrous Bouligand architecture enabling formidable fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity