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Significance How organisms sense and respond to changes in nutrient dose is a basic unanswered question that is relevant to agriculture. Here, we demonstrate that genome-wide expression levels in theArabidopsis root are nutrient dose-responsive. We find that such dose-responsive gene expression patterns are driven largely by Michaelis–Menten (MM) kinetics, indicating that genome-wide transcriptional responses to nutrient dose resemble a simple principle of enzyme kinetics. Transcription factors (TFs) can act as “catalysts” driving rates of transcript change in response to nutrient dose. Supporting this, we identified TGA1 as a TF that controls nitrogen-dose–dependent rates of transcriptional change and plant growth. Thus, our study of the molecular mechanisms that underlie N-dose–responsive transcriptome kinetics could lead to enhanced crop growth.

Nutrient dose-responsive transcriptome changes driven by Michaelis–Menten kinetics underlie plant growth rates