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Significance Crop damage by insect pests is predicted to increase as rising surface temperatures accelerate insect metabolism, population size, and range expansion. The plant defense hormone jasmonate promotes resistance to diverse herbivores, but how this wound signal impacts the plant’s ability to cope with a combination of herbivory and elevated temperature remains unknown. Here, we show that heat shock proteins contribute to enhanced jasmonate responses in tomato plants subjected to simulated heat waves. Herbivore-induced jasmonate signaling at elevated temperature, however, blocked stomatal opening and leaf hyponasty, leading to leaf overheating, reduced photosynthesis, and growth inhibition. Our results show how signal conflict between biotic and abiotic stress may exaggerate crop losses under warming conditions that accelerate herbivory, potentially jeopardizing food security.

Insect herbivory antagonizes leaf cooling responses to elevated temperature in tomato