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Significance The root nodule symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia is an important source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems, and successful symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) can substitute for the nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands. However, the efficiency of SNF varies greatly depending on the combination of legume and rhizobial genotypes, and the molecular mechanisms that determine the compatibility are largely unknown. By studying theLotus japonicus symbiotic mutant, we discovered that the host plant nodule-specific peptidase and the protein secretion system of rhizobia (autotransporter) regulate the compatibility of SNF. Our findings reveal an aspect of the strategy of legumes to optimize SNF efficiency with specific rhizobial strains, which may contribute to the development of technologies to improve symbiotic performance.

The rhizobial autotransporter determines the symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity of Lotus japonicus in a host-specific manner